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Master of Reality
''Master of Reality'' is the third studio album by English rock band Black Sabbath. Released in July 1971, it is widely regarded as the foundation of doom, stoner and sludge metal.〔Taylor 2006, pg. 199, "Some say that ''Master of Reality'' was the first stoner metal album. The album as a whole is more late 1960s Heavy Psych in the vain of May Blitz, Grand Funk Railroad, and Leaf Hound."〕 It was certified double platinum after having sold over 2 million copies. ''Master of Reality'' was Black Sabbath's first and only top 10 album in the US until ''13'' forty-two years later.
==Recording==
''Master of Reality'' was recorded at Island Studios, in London, during February and April 1971. The album was produced by Rodger Bain, who had also produced Black Sabbath's previous two albums; this was to be his final collaboration with the band.
On the tracks "Children of the Grave", "Lord of This World" and "Into the Void", guitarist Tony Iommi downtuned his guitar three semi-tones to produce what he referred to as a "bigger, heavier sound". This also reduced string tension, thus making the guitar less painful for him to play; Iommi had two of his fingers partially severed in a factory accident years earlier.〔VH1: Heavy the Story of Metal, Part One.〕 Geezer Butler also downtuned his bass guitar to match Iommi. "It helped with the sound, too," Butler explained to ''Guitar for the Practicing Musician'' in 1994. "Then it got to the point where we tuned even lower to make it easier vocal-wise. But Osbourne would then sing higher so it sort of defeated the object." In the 2013 biography of the band ''Black Sabbath: Symptom of the Universe'', Mick Wall writes that "the Sabbath sound took a plunge into even greater darkness. Bereft even of reverb, leaving their sound as dry as old bones dug up from some desert burial plot, the finished music's brutish force would so alarm the critics they would punish Sabbath in print for being blatantly thuggish, purposefully mindless, creepy and obnoxious. Twenty years later groups like Smashing Pumpkins, Soundgarden and, particularly, Nirvana, would excavate the same heaving-lung sound...and be rewarded with critical garlands." In his autobiography ''I Am Ozzy'', vocalist Ozzy Osbourne states that he cannot remember much about recording ''Master Of Reality'' "apart from the fact that Tony detuned his guitar to make it easier to play, Geezer wrote 'Sweet Leaf' about all the dope we'd been smoking, and 'Children Of The Grave' was the most kick-ass song we'd ever recorded."
In the liner notes to the 1998 live album ''Reunion'', drummer Bill Ward commented that ''Master of Reality'' was "an exploratory album." In 2013, ''Mojo'' magazine called ''Master of Reality'' "...the sound of a band becoming increasingly comfortable in their studio surroundings." Iommi believes the band might have become too comfortable, however, telling ''Guitar World'' in 1992, "During ''Master of Reality'', we started getting more experimental and began taking too much time to record. Ultimately, I think it really confused us. Sometimes I think I’d really like to go back to the way we recorded the first two albums. I’ve always preferred just going into the studio and playing, without spending a lot of time rehearsing or getting sounds." The song "Into The Void" was especially problematic, with Iommi revealing in the same interview, "We tried recording 'Into The Void' in a couple of different studios because Bill just couldn’t get it right. Whenever that happened, he would start believing that he wasn’t capable of playing the song. He’d say, 'To hell with it — I’m not doing this!' There was one track like that on every album, and 'Into the Void' was the most difficult one on ''Master of Reality''." In his autobiography ''Iron Man: My Journey Through Heaven & Hell with Black Sabbath'', Iommi describes the difficulty Osbourne also experienced recording the vocal: "It has this slow bit, but then the riff where Osbourne comes in is very fast. Osbourne had to sing really rapidly: 'Rocket engines burning fuel so fast, up into the night sky they blast', quick words like that. Geezer had written all the words out for him...Seeing him try was hilarious." The song "Solitude" showcases guitarist Iommi's multi-instrumental talents, featuring him playing guitar, flute, and piano.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Black Sabbath online )〕 A delay effect was later added to Osbourne's vocals on the song as a means of doubling the vocal track.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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